sábado, diciembre 04, 2010
martes, marzo 16, 2010
Alimentos transgénicos no son solución para abatir el hambre
Miguel Altieri, de la Universidad de Berkeley, durante la rueda de prensa celebrada en el Hotel Gardet. A. CAMACHO
GUADALAJARA, JALISCO.- Los transgénicos no resolverán el hambre en los países del tercer mundo ni los problemas del cambio climático, ya que hasta la fecha no hay una sola hectárea, de las 180 millones que existen de cultivos genéticamente modificados, que se destine para los hambrientos del mundo, afirmaron distintos expertos internacionales que están de visita en Guadalajara, como parte de las actividades alternativas a la reunión de la Organización de Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO).
“El potencial de estos cultivos es cero. Porque la soya transgénica está dedicada fundamentalmente a la alimentación animal y a la producción de biocombustibles. Lo mismo con el maíz transgénico, 70% es para ganado y el resto para generar etanol. Y el algodón y la canola no alimentan a nadie”, aseguró Miguel Altieri, de la Universidad de Berkeley, California, durante el foro “¿Transgénicos? no, gracias”, que abrió las actividades.
Tan sólo en Sudáfrica, la introducción de maíz genéticamente modificado de la trasnacional Monsanto, dejó 130 mil hectáreas de este grano sin mazorcas, “entre otros conflictos que se han presentado a raíz de la autorización de este tipo de siembras”, resaltó Mark Wells, de la Alianza Sudafricana para la Moratoria a la Ingeniería Genética (Safeage).
Lo más importante –dijo Altieri– es que existen opciones como la agroecología, que promueve el diálogo de saberes, recogiendo el conocimiento campesino, que actualmente genera más de 70% de los alimentos básicos del mundo.
“Son sistemas que son resistentes al cambio climático. Está comprobado que después de algunos huracanes, los cultivos que sobreviven son los agroecológicos. Y si hoy todos los cultivos fueran transgénicos, la producción bajaría, porque no serían capaces de sobrevivir”.
El experto en agroecología señaló que la única opción para enfrentar el cambio climático es la diversidad genética.
“Los transgénicos van de la mano de los biocombustibles. El interés no son los alimentos, sino la producción de la biomasa para plásticos, combustibles, fármacos... todo respaldado con la biotecnología. Pero los más peligrosos son los biocombustibles, porque están desplazando tierras de cultivo y hay una coalición de multinacionales, tanto productoras de biotecnología, como empresas de petróleo, carros, que se unen con fundaciones como la Gates, que están penetrando en las agendas de investigación de los gobiernos y de las universidades públicas”.
Ymelda Montoro, de la Red de Acción de Agricultura Alternativa en Perú, compartió que en su país están trabajando para declarar zonas libres de organismos genéticamente modificados, que son polígonos aislados, por lo menos a 10 kilómetros de hectáreas donde hay cultivos transgénicos.
Después de esta reunión de la FAO, se prevé más impulso para transgénicos de segunda generación, como los biocombustibles; los países más interesados son los que han entrado en este mercado, como Brasil, Argentina, Colombia o Estados Unidos.
“Van a enfocarse a este tema, el problema es que los biocombustibles empeoran el problema del hambre, porque desplazan tierras agrícolas y son tierras más vulnerables al cambio climático. Es el camino equivocado."
Etiquetas: Altieri
miércoles, julio 22, 2009
POISONING THE PLANET
Changing our purchasing habits to “organic” or “fair trade” is not enough. We must actively seek solidarity with those small farmers who are refusing to co-operate with the agribusiness paradigm.
By Miguel A. Altieri
In 2007, genetically modified (GM) crops were grown on 114.3 million hectares worldwide. Of the twenty-three countries which grow GM crops, Argentina and Brazil are the major players in South America , though the cultivation of transgenic crops is also expanding in Bolivia and Paraguay . The biotech industry claims that GM crops have met the expectations of millions of farmers in developing countries, delivering benefits to consumers and society through more affordable food that requires less pesticides to grow and hence leads to more sustainable farming.
What corporations fail to mention is that Roundup Ready (RR) soybean accounts for 70% of all GM crops and is tolerant to Monsanto's Roundup herbicide, glyphosate. Much of the soybean crop is grown by large-scale farmers for biodiesel and for export as animal feed to China and Europe . The impacts of soybean expansion in South America go beyond the typical effects of monocultures heavily sprayed with herbicides, but include deforestation, soil fertility mining, food insecurity and the expulsion of small farmers, thus exacerbating rural conflicts.
The expansion of soybean farming is accompanied by massive transportation infrastructure projects that lead to the destruction of natural habitats over wide areas, well beyond the deforestation directly caused by soybean cultivation. In Brazil , soybean profits justified the improvement or construction of industrial waterways, railway lines and an extensive network of roads. These in turn have attracted logging, mining, ranching and other practices with severe impacts on biodiversity. The Rosario region on the Parana River in Argentina has become the largest soya agro-industrial processing area in the world, with all the environmental impacts that such infrastructure entails.
Soybean occupies the largest area of any crop in Brazil (14.5 million hectares). In Argentina about 16 million hectares are devoted to soybean, and the total production is more than 40 million tonnes. In Paraguay soybeans occupy more than 25% of all agricultural land. Soya cultivation has already resulted in the deforestation of 21 million hectares of forests in Brazil , 14 million hectares in Argentina , 2 million hectares in Paraguay and 600,000 hectares in Bolivia . In response to global market pressure for biofuels, Brazil alone will likely clear an additional 60 million hectares of land in the near future to grow more soybean for biodiesel, and sugar cane for ethanol.
Soybean expansion also leads to extreme land and income disparity. In Brazil , soybean cultivation displaces eleven agricultural workers for every one who finds employment in the sector. Yearly, millions of people are displaced by soybean production, and these landless people move to the Amazon and other regions, where they clear pristine forests. In Argentina the situation is quite dramatic, as 60,000 farms went out of business while the area of GM soybean almost tripled. In one decade, the area of soybean cultivation increased by 126% at the expense of dairy, maize, wheat and fruit production. For the country, this means more imports of basic foods, creating a loss of food sovereignty, and for poor small farmers and consumers, only increased food prices and more hunger.
As the cultivation of soybean rapidly expands, so does glyphosate use. In southern Brazil , for every kilo reduction of non-glyphosate herbicide during the period of expansion of GM soybean cultivation, the use of glyphosate increased by 7.5 kilos. In Argentina , Roundup applications reached the equivalent of an estimated 160 million litres in the 2004 growing season, and herbicide usage is expected to increase as weeds start developing resistance to Roundup.
A recent study by Brazilian researchers found thirteen weed species that have developed resistance to glyphosate. In Argentina, resistant biotypes of Johnson grass, Ipomoea species and other weeds are also emerging, creating a typical treadmill in which glyphosate generates weeds that are harder to control, in turn requiring increased amounts of other herbicides such as 2,4-D. Instead of reducing the need for agrochemicals as proponents once claimed, GM technology has increased their use.
Biotech companies claim that herbicides should not pose negative effects on humans or the environment. In practice, however, the large-scale planting of GM crops encourages aerial application of herbicides and only 1% of what is sprayed reaches the crop — the rest ends up in the soil and water. The agribusiness companies contend that glyphosate degrades rapidly in the soil, does not accumulate in ground water, has no effects on non-target organisms, and leaves no residue in foods and water or soil, yet glyphosate has been reported to be toxic to some non-target species in the soil including beneficial predators such as spiders, mites, carabid and coccinellid beetles, detritivores such as earthworms, and mycorrhizae and other microfauna, as well as to aquatic organisms including microbial communities, frogs and fish.
Research has shown that glyphosate seems to act in a similar fashion to antibiotics, altering soil biology in as yet unknown ways and causing effects such as reduction of the ability of soybeans, clover and other legumes to fix nitrogen, and the rendering of bean plants more vulnerable to disease. During the first year of glyphosate application on RR soya, a severe sudden death syndrome epidemic occurred (an infection by the fungus Fusarium solani) in several RR cultivars, resulting in reduction of the growth of beneficial soil-dwelling mycorrhizal fungi, and other changes to the microbial community.
All these effects can alter nutrient cycling and other important processes in the soil, thus reducing plant growth and health. In a study using outdoor tanks, researchers found that even when applied at concentrations that are just a third of the maximum recommended concentrations, glyphosate killed 98% of all tadpoles within three weeks and 79% of all frogs within one day.
Researchers have also shown that the reduction of weed biomass and flowering and seeding parts under herbicide-resistant crop management causes changes in insect availability with knock-on effects resulting in abundance reduction of several beetles, butterflies and bees. Counts of predacious carabid beetles that feed on weed seeds were smaller in transgenic crop fields. The number of invertebrates that are food for mammals, birds and other invertebrates were also found to be generally lower in herbicide-resistant crop fields. The absence of flowering weeds in transgenic fields can have serious consequences for pollinators but also for pests' natural enemies, which require pollen and nectar for survival; this in turn can lead to enhanced insect pest problems.
The expansion of soybean monoculture threatens the ecological integrity and food sovereignty of countries as well as the rights of Indigenous and rural communities. This industrial agricultural model violates economic, social, cultural and environmental rights and, as it expands, its destructive methods of operation degrade the environment through deforestation, soil erosion and contamination of water bodies and push farmers out of their lands, resulting in rural migration and further impoverishment of rural populations. The soya agro-industry is actually expanding and becoming stronger through the growing markets for processed foods, industrial livestock and the production of biodiesel demanded by the North.
Rural social movements such as Via Campesina and Movimiento Socialists de Trabajadores (MST) reject corporate attempts for continual expansion of GM soya monoculture. Farmers' mobilisations have led to destruction of soybean fields and occupation of corporate facilities. For example, Syngenta Seeds' experimental research centre in Parani was taken over by MST in March 2006 after they discovered that the company was illegally growing GM soybeans within the boundary zone of Igua~u National Park.
The expansion of agricultural biotechnology into South America is exacerbating agrarian conflicts and historic tensions over land. More mobilisation of rural movements can be expected, as the “grassroots” oppose the advance of biofuel agribusiness and GM technology. Industrial farming threatens biodiversity and native seed varieties, violating the rights of consumers and small farmers by contaminating conventional and organic crops.
If consumers in the North of the world want to continue enjoying their fair trade coffee and bananas, as well as the “good, clean and fair food” from the South, they had better find ways to directly support these grassroots mobilisations, otherwise small farmers and the food they grow are in danger of genetic pollution and possible extinction. – Third World Network Features
-ends-
About the writer: Miguel A. Altieri is a lecturer in agroecology at the University of California , USA .
The above article is reproduced from the UK-based Resurgence, No. 254 May/June 2009. It is an edited extract from The Slow Food Almanac 2008. (www.slowfood.com)
Etiquetas: Altieri, Third World Network
viernes, junio 19, 2009
La paradoja de la agricultura cubana
Sábado 25 de abril de 2009
En todo el mundo es bien sabido que a pesar de las dificultades del periodo especial, particularmente la caída en las importaciones de insumos claves para la agricultura como petróleo, fertilizantes, pesticidas, tractores, piezas de repuesto, etc, Cuba y en especial el sector campesino, pudo enfrentar el desafio de producir una gran parte de los alimentos con al menos la mitad de los insumos agroquímicos y un limitado acceso a combustibles.
Este logro fue posible gracias a una serie de políticas agrarias descentralizadoras de formas cooperativas e individuales de la producción, a un sólido sistema de investigación, a la difusión de la agricultura urbana y la agricultura orgánica con un masivo desarrollo de insumos biológicos, apertura de mercados agropecuarios, y organizaciones fuertes que apoyan a los agricultores como ANAP, ACPA y ACTAF, entre otras. Al comienzo del período especial, el énfasis se centró fuertemente en una estrategia de sustitución de insumos químicos por biológicos, para reducir el uso de insumos o porque estos no estaban disponibles y para atenuar los costos de producción de los modelos convencionales.
Este enfoque de bajos insumos estableció la base para el desarrollo y escalonamiento de estrategias agreocológicas de diversificación de fincas, integración animal, reciclaje, control biológico, etc. que miles de agricultores ya practican en la isla.
El mundo, y en especial America Latina, aún observan con admiración y orgullo los niveles de producción y áreas dedicadas a la agricultura urbana y orgánica en Cuba, niveles nunca alcanzados en otros países, así como los avances de la investigación y extensión agroecológica, sin embargo, en muchos círculos se habla hoy de la “paradoja de la agricultura cubana”: ¿Cómo en un pais con tanta experiencia práctica en agroecología, alto nivel de conocimiento científico y organización social de base, donde la agricultura campesina que ocupa el 25% de la tierra arable y produce una sustancial cantidad de viandas, granos, frutas, animales menores, etc. y con más de 350.000 agricultores urbanos que suplen más del 80% de las hortalizas consumidas en las grandes ciudades, aún importa el 65% de los alimentos? ¿Cómo en un país cuyos avances en el control biológico de plagas son venerados en el mundo entero, está a punto de liberarse una variedad de maiz transgénico Bt para el control del cogollero, plaga fácilmente regulada en sistemas agroecológicos por predatores, parásitos y entomopatógenos?
FUENTE: http://www.landaction.org/spip/spip.php?article418
martes, enero 27, 2009
WWF's GM soy debate has just officially wound up, but that's no reason to let WWF [formerly known as the World Wide Fund for Nature] off the hook.
Consider what happened to an attempted protest at the 3rd Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS), which WWF is a party to. It was caught on camera and the resulting video (in 2 parts) is worth watching in full for a sense of how utterly non-transparent and non-inclusive of the very people most directly affected by GM soy, the RTRS is:
http://www.grain.org/videos/?id=174
The RTRS has 32 members from industry, banks and supermarkets, including the major crushers ADM, Bunge and Cargill, and 9 large-scale producers. Also part of the RTRS, as we've said, is WWF.
The RTRS protest took place because GM soy monocultures are having a devastating impact on the environment, on small farmers and on indigenous people in Latin America. At the same time there is strong consumer opposition to GM soy, particularly in Europe.
All of this is a PR nightmare for the big players who want to hide their culpability for the real impact of GM soy, and to obscure the whole GM issue by turning up the volume on issues around climate change and so-called sustainability. They hope that people will lose sight of the GM issue behind the green smokescreen of "sustainable [GM] soy".
But there can be no sustainability with GM crops. GM soy expansion is a threat to biodiversity in Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil and Bolivia. GM soy is much more environmentally damaging than other crops because of its unsustainable production requirements.
As the Argentinian agronomist Walter Pengue and the Berkeley agro-ecologist Miguel Altieri have noted: "The production of herbicide-resistant soybean leads to environmental problems such as deforestation, soil degradation, pesticide and genetic contamination. Socio-economic consequences include severe concentration of land and income, the expulsion of rural populations to the Amazonian frontier and to urban areas, compounding the concentration of the poor in cities. Soybean expansion also diverts government funds otherwise usable in education, health, and alternative, far more sustainable agroecological methods." (GM Soybean: Latin America's New Coloniser http://www.grain.org/seedling/?id=421).
These problems are intrinsic to GM soy production, as a just published article on "Twelve years of GM soya in Argentina - a disaster for people and the environment" also makes clear:
http://www.grain.org/seedling/?id=578
As some of you have pointed out, WWF could just as well start discussing sustainable nuclear power plants, deforestation, human trafficking or child labour, BECAUSE THEY HAVE BECOME A MAJOR MARKET REALITY (one of the arguments given for holding the GM soy debate).
If WWF - the biggest and most instantly recognisable environmental group in the world - are seen to endorse "sustainable" GM soy, that will undermine both European opposition to GMOs and the growing concerns over the social and environmental devastation caused by GM soy.
Sadly, this is far from the first time WWF has opted to keep bad company. CounterPunch editor Jeffrey St. Clair accuses WWF of backing nearly every trade bill to come down the pike, from NAFTA to GATT and of sidling up to some very unsavoury government agencies advancing the same neo-liberal agenda across the Third World. Likewise, Brian Tokar has observed how (in 1997) WWF was associated with 19 corporations cited in the National Wildlife Federation's survey of the 500 worst industrial polluters. These companies included such recognized environmental offenders as Union Carbide, Exxon, Monsanto, Weyerhaeuser, Du Pont, and Waste Management. http://www.counterpunch.org/stclair02032007.html
http://www.swans.com/library/art14/barker07.html#49
For massive grain conglomerates like ADM, who have never done anything whatsoever for sustainability and do not have the best relationship with growers, it makes perfect sense to partner with WWF, and other willing NGOs, or to set up their own greenwashing groups with pseudo-NGOs:
http://www.adm.com/en-US/news/_layouts/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?ID=39
http://www.aliancadaterra.org.br/
In their response to your letters of protest re the GM Soy Debate, WWF talk about the "successful completion of the RTRS process." The fact is that unless it gets strengthened to (1) totally reject GM soy and (2) have real teeth in its protection of the rainforest, the land, indigenous people and small farmers, it will be a success only for the ADMs and Monsantos of this world.
If you've already been in contact with WWF, please tell them once again that WWF (including its national organisations) needs to take a far stronger line on GM soy, and that it is an accomplice to greenwashing through the RTRS.
If they haven't written to you, you can let them known your concerns at their continued involvement in greenwashing here: http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/who_we_are/offices/index.cfm or here: http://www.panda.org/faq/visitor_emailadmin.cfmlink
Note:
See related GWWatch article of 15 December 2008 "WWF still accomplish to greenwashing": http://www.gmfreeireland.org/news/2008/dec/index.php#WWF
Etiquetas: Altieri, Responsible Soy, Soy, WWF
martes, octubre 14, 2008
October 2006
Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy
October 2006
The Rockefeller Foundation and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation recently announced a joint $150 million Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), provoking immediate criticisms that the proposal fails to take into account the failures of the original Green Revolution. The creators of AGRA claim the initiative will bring benefits to the African continent’s impoverished farmers who—they assert—until now have been bypassed by the first Green Revolution. A day later, probably in an orchestrated move, Jacques Diouf, Director General of UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), called for support for a “second Green Revolution” to feed the world’s growing population. UN boss Kofi Annan also weighed in to support the initiative.
The AGRA plan is remarkable given that, according to a World Bank evaluation, over the last twenty-five years the CGIAR—which brings together the key Green Revolution research institutions—has invested 40-45% of their $350 million/yr budget in Africa (The World Bank 2004). If these public funds were not invested in a Green Revolution for Africa, then where were they spent? If they were spent on the Green Revolution, then why does Africa need another one? Either the Green Revolution’s institutions don’t work, or the Green Revolution itself doesn’t work—or both. The Green Revolution did not “bypass” Africa. It failed. Because this new philanthropic effort ignores, misinterprets, and misrepresents the harsh lessons of the first Green Revolution’s multiple failures, it will likely worsen the problem.
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Etiquetas: Africa, AGRA, Altieri, Food First
jueves, abril 17, 2008
En la era post –petrolera
Movilizándonos para rescatar nuestro sistema alimentario
Miguel A. AltieriEstas presiones están desencadenando una crisis del sistema alimentario global sin precedentes, la cual ya se empieza a manifestar en protestas por escasez de alimentos en muchos países de Asia y África. De hecho hay 33 países al filo de la inestabilidad social por la carencia y precio de los alimentos. Esta crisis que amenaza la seguridad alimentaria de millones de personas, es el resultado directo del modelo industrial de agricultura, que no solo es peligrosamente dependiente de hidrocarburos sino que se ha transformado en la mayor fuerza antrópica modificante de la biosfera. Las crecientes presiones sobre el area agrícola en disminución están socavando la capacidad de la naturaleza para suplir las demandas de la humanidad en cuanto a alimentos, fibras y energía. La tragedia es que la población humana depende de los servicios ecológicos (ciclos de agua, polinizadores, suelos fértiles, clima local benevolente, etc.) que la agricultura intensiva continuamente empuja más allá de sus límites.
Antes del fin de la primera década del siglo XXI, la humanidad está tomando consciencia rápidamente de que el modelo industrial capitalista de agricultura dependiente de petróleo ya no funciona para suplir los alimentos necesarios. Los precios inflacionarios del petróleo inevitablemente incrementan los costos de producción y los precios de los alimentos han escalado a tal punto que un dólar hoy compra 30% menos alimentos que hace un año. Una persona en Nigeria gasta 73% de sus ingresos en alimentos, en Vietnam 65% y en Indonesia 50%. Esta situación se agudiza rápidamente en la medida que la tierra agrícola se destina para biocombustibles y en la medida que el cambio climático disminuye los rendimientos vía sequías o inundaciones. Expandir tierras agrícolas a biocombustibles o cultivos transgénicos que ya alcanzan mas de 120 millones de hectáreas, exacerbará los impactos ecológicos de monocultivos que continuamente degradan los servicios de la naturaleza. Además, la agricultura industrial contribuye hoy con más de 1/3 de las emisiones globales de gases de invernadero, en especial metano y óxidos nitrosos. Continuar con este sistema degradante, como lo promueve un sistema económico neoliberal, ecológicamente deshonesto al no reflejar las externalidades ambientales no es una opción viable.
El desafío inmediato para nuestra generación es transformar la agricultura industrial e iniciar una transición de los sistemas alimentarios para que no dependan del petróleo.
Necesitamos un paradigma alternativo de desarrollo agrícola, uno que propicie formas de agricultura ecológica, sustentable y socialmente justa. Rediseñar el sistema alimentario hacia formas mas equitativas y viables para agricultores y consumidores requerirá cambios radicales en las fuerzas políticas y económicas que determinan que se produce, como, donde y para quien. El libre comercio sin control social es el principal mecanismo que está desplazando a los agricultores de sus tierras y es el principal obstáculo para lograr desarrollo y una seguridad alimentaria local. Sólo desafiando el control que las empresas multinacionales ejercen sobre el sistema alimentario y el modelo agro exportador que auspician los gobiernos neoliberales, se podrá detener el espiral de pobreza, hambre, migración rural y degradación ambiental.
El concepto de soberanía alimentaria, como lo promueve el movimiento mundial de pequeños agricultores, la Vía Campesina, constituye la única alternativa viable al sistema alimentario en colapso, que sencillamente falló en su cálculo que el comercio libre internacional sería clave para solucionar el problema alimentario mundial. Por el contrario, la soberanía alimentaria enfatiza circuitos locales de producción-consumo, y acciones organizadas para lograr acceso a tierra, agua, agro biodiversidad, etc., recursos claves que las comunidades rurales deben controlar para poder producir alimentos con métodos agroecológicos. No hay duda que una alianza entre agricultores y consumidores es de importancia estratégica. Al mismo tiempo que los consumidores deben bajarse en la cadena alimentaria al consumir menos proteína animal, se deben dar cuenta que su calidad de vida está íntimamente asociada al tipo de agricultura que se practica en los cordones verdes que circundan a pueblos y ciudades, no solo por el tipo y calidad de cultivos que ahí se producen, sino por los servicios ambientales, como calidad del agua, microclima y conservación de biodiversidad, etc., que esta agricultura multifuncional genere. Pero la multifuncionalidad sólo emerge cuando los paisajes están dominados por cientos de fincas pequeñas y biodiversas, que, como los estudios demuestran, pueden producir entre dos y diez veces más por unidad de área que las fincas de gran escala. En Estados Unidos los agricultores sostenibles, en su mayoría agricultores pequeños y medianos, generan una producción total mayor que los monocultivos extensivos, y lo hacen reduciendo la erosión y conservando más biodiversidad. Las comunidades rodeadas de fincas pequeñas, exhiben menos problemas sociales (alcoholismo, drogadicción, violencia familiar, etc.) y economías más saludables que comunidades rodeadas de fincas grandes y mecanizadas. En el estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil, ciudades rodeadas de grandes extensiones de caña de azúcar son más calurosas que ciudades rodeadas de fincas medianas y diversificadas. Debiera ser obvio, entonces, para los consumidores urbanos que comer constituye a la vez un acto ecológico y político, pues al comprar alimentos en mercados locales o ferias de agricultores, se está votando por un modelo de agricultura adecuada para la era post-petrolera, mientras que, al comprar en las cadenas grandes de supermercados, se perpetúa el modelo agrícola no sustentable.
La escala y urgencia del desafío que la humanidad enfrenta es sin precedentes y lo que se necesita hacer es ambiental, social y políticamente posible. Erradicar la pobreza y el hambre mundial necesita una inversión anual de aproximadamente 50 billones de dólares, una fracción al compararse con el presupuesto militar mundial que alcanza mas de un trillón de dólares por año. La velocidad con que se debe implementar este cambio es muy rápida, pero lo que está en duda es si acaso existe la voluntad política para transformar radical y velozmente el sistema alimentario, antes que el hambre y la inseguridad alimentaria alcancen proporciones planetarias e irreversibles.
- Miguel A. Altieri, University of California, Berkeley
Sociedad Científica Latinoamericana de Agroecología (SOCLA)
http://alainet.org/active/23532

