Right to national GMO bans upheld: European Commission defeated

Friends of the Earth Europe press release, 2 March 2009.

Brussels - Today, the European Commission was defeated in its latest attempt to force two countries to drop bans on controversial genetically modified maize [1]. It was the second and third time that Hungary and Austria respectively had come under attack by the European Commission for refusing to grow GM maize. Friends of the Earth has welcomed the vote.

Helen Holder, European GMO campaign coordinator at Friends of the Earth Europe said:

"The European Commission has once again failed to force countries to lift their national GMO bans. Today's vote is a clear message that European countries will not be bullied into taking unsound decisions regarding their environment, their farming and their citizens' health."

"The Commission must now abandon its unpopular proposals once and for all and get down to the real work of improving GMO risk assessments in the EU, as Ministers have requested."

Under EU GMO laws, countries are allowed to ban individual GM crops for environmental and health reasons [2]. There are a number of reasons why these bans should not be lifted:

• The effects of Monsanto's genetically modified maize MON 810, which is engineered to produce a toxin to kill insects, are uncertain and controversial [3]

• European Environment Ministers [4] concluded last December that GMO risk assessment in the EU is not fulfilling legal requirements, that long term impacts are not been assessed, and that crops such as those being voted on today should also be assessed under EU pesticide laws because of the toxin they release. The European Commission's proposal to lift the bans completely disregarded this recent agreement.

• MON810 is currently being re-assessed at EU level as required under EU law. No national bans should be lifted under a full, independent and good quality review [5]

Pressure has been building in the EU for GM crops to be grown. Biotech companies launched legal action in order to get more GM crops put to the vote in the EU for cultivation [6], whilst the pro-GMO commission president, JosÈ Manuel Barroso set up a high level group on GMOs last summer to push member states to vote in favour of GM crops [7].

Contact:

Helen Holder, Coordinator of tthe Friends of the Earth Europe GMOs campaign:
Tel: +32 2542 6182 and +32 474 857638 (Belgian mobile), helen.holder@foeeurope.org

Notes:

[1] The GM crops banned in the two countries are Monsanto's genetically modified maize MON810. Austria has also banned Bayer Crops Science maize T25. It is the third time that the Commission has tried to force Austria to drop its bans, and the second time for Hungary In practice, only Monsanto's GM maize MON810 is authorised for cultivation in the EU. The other maize, T25 that Austria has also banned is no longer authorised for cultivation. Bayer CropScience have a new request for cultivation in the EU pipeline which is why the ban is still "on the table"

[2] Called the "Safeguard Clause" under Directive 2001/18

[3] Peer reviewed research has demonstrated negative effects on non-target organisms, on soil health and on aquatic ecosystems in rivers. 'Bt crops' also cause insect resistance to the toxin they produce thus potentially posing problems for farmers.

References:

Baumgarte, S. & Tebbe, C.C. 2005. Field studies on the environmental fate of the Cry1Ab Bt-toxin produced by transgenic maize (MON810) and its effect on bacterial communities in the maize rhizosphere. Molecular Ecology 14: 2539-2551.

Stotzky, G. 2004. Persistence and biological activity in soil of the insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, especially from transgenic plants. Plant and Soil 266: 77-89.

Zwahlen, C. Hilbeck, A. Gugerli, P. & Nentwig, W. 2003. Degradation of the Cry1Ab protein within transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn tissue in the field. Molecular Ecology 12: 765-775.

Rosi-Marshall, E.J., Tank, J.L., Royer, T.V., Whiles, M.R., Evans-White, M., Chambers, C., Griffiths, N.A., Pokelsek, J. & Stephen, M.L. 2007. Toxins in transgenic crop byproducts may affect headwater stream ecosystems. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences of the USA 41: 16204-16208.

B¯hn, T., Primicerio, R., Hessen, D.O. & Traavik, T. 2008. Reduced fitness of Daphnia magna fed a Bt-transgenic maize variety. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology DOI 10.1007/s00244-008-9150-5.

Prasifka, P.L., Hellmich, R.L., Prasifka, J.R. & Lewis, L.C. 2007. Effects of Cry1Ab-expressing corn anthers on the movement of monarch butterfly larvae. Environmental Entomology 36:228-233.

Andow, D.A. and A. Hilbeck. 2004. Science-based risk assessment for non-target effects of transgenic crops. Bioscience 54: 637-649.

Obrist, L.B., Dutton, A., Romeis, J. & Bigler, F. 2006. Biological activity of Cry1Ab toxin expressed by Bt maize following ingestion by herbivorous arthropods and exposure of the predator Chrysoperla carnea. BioControl 51: 31-48.

[4] Council Conclusions on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), 2912th Environment Council meeting, Brussels, 4 December 2008 http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/envir/104509.pdf

[5] Under EU GMO laws, after a GMO has been on the market for 10 years, a re-approval must be carried out in order to re-assess environmental and health impacts.

[6] Legal action has been brought against the Commission by Pioneer which produced genetically modified maize 1507 that it wants to be grown in the EU, and by BASF that produces a GM potato that it also wants to get grown in the EU

[7] http://www.foeeurope.org/GMOs/GMOs_highlevel_discussion.html and http://www.foeeurope.org/GMOs/sherpas/Sherpa_meeting_10oct_conclusions.pdf

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AUSTRIAN STUDY FINDS EATING GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CORN MAY REDUCE FERTILITY

Center for Food Safety Calls for Moratorium on Genetically Engineered Foods

Pending Thorough Safety Studies

Vienna, Austria, November 13, 2008 – The Center for Food Safety cited results of an important study^[1] released Monday by the Austrian government as cause for great concern over the long-term consumption of genetically engineered crops. The study found that mice fed a type of genetically engineered corn developed by the Monsanto Company produced fewer offspring than those fed conventional corn.

"This meticulous study suggests that a popular type of genetically engineered corn may harbor fertility-reducing substances," said Bill Freese, Science Policy Analyst at the Center for Food Safety and co-author of a peer-reviewed study on GE crop regulation. "It's no surprise to us that U.S. regulators did not catch this. None of our regulatory agencies require any long-term animal feeding trials before allowing genetically engineered crops on the market."

The study was sponsored by the Austrian Ministry of Health, Families, and Youth, and led by Dr. Jürgen Zentek, Professor of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Vienna. For 20 weeks, Zentek and his team fed mice diets consisting of either 33% genetically engineered (GE) corn, or 33% of a closely related non-GE variety. The diets were otherwise nutritionally equivalent.

Mice fed the GE corn diet had fewer litters, fewer total offspring, and more females with no offspring, than mice feed the conventional corn. The effects were particularly pronounced in the third and fourth litters, after the mice had consumed the GE corn for a longer period of time. The authors attributed the reduced fertility to the GE corn feed, and said it might be related to unintended effects of the genetic modification process. Dr. Zentek said that further studies are "urgently needed" to corroborate his team's findings.

"This study should serve as a wake-up call to governments around the world that genetically engineered foods could cause long-term health damage," said Andrew Kimbrell, Executive Director of the Center for Food Safety. "The Center calls upon national and international authorities to place a moratorium on the distribution of GE products for human consumption unless or until their safety can be undeniably established."

"We hope this study will finally persuade the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to completely overhaul its 'rubber-stamp' regulatory process," added Freese. "The FDA must stop letting biotech companies self-certify their GE crops as safe, and instead establish strict, mandatory testing requirements, including long-term animal feeding trials, for every GE crop," he added.

The Center notes that the GE corn used in the study (NK603 x MON810) was developed by the Monsanto Company, and is sold under the brand names YieldGard (Plus)/Roundup Ready. Monsanto's figures show that U.S. plantings of this GE corn have exploded in recent years, from just 2.2 million acres in 2002 to 38.2 million acres in 2008^[2]. The corn is a so-called "stacked" variety with two traits: the Roundup Ready trait allows the corn to survive direct spraying with Roundup herbicide, while a built-in insecticide kills certain above-ground insect pests.

The Center further notes that U.S. regulators allow biotech companies to cross GE crops at will to develop "stacked" crops with virtually any combination of traits without any regulatory oversight, despite expert warnings that stacked crops may pose special risks.

The Center for Food Safety is national, non-profit, membership organization founded in 1997 to protect human health and the environment by curbing the use of harmful food production technologies and by promoting organic and other forms of sustainable agriculture. On the web at: http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org